Military Buildup of our Asian Frontline
Former PH Pres Rodrigo Duterete, 2016-2022 soured USA relations with his response to Pres. Barack Obama’s expressed concern over human right issues related to Duterete’s War on Criminality and Drugs. During a press conference Duterte infamously called Obama “a son of a whore,” resulting in a canceled meeting between the two leaders during the 2016 ASEAN Summit held in Laos.
[1] Barack Obama cancels meeting after Philippines president calls him ‘son of a whore'”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077
Duterte later said following the 2016 U.S. presidential election that he will stop quarrels with the US following Pres. Donald Trump’s victory. Dutarte’s daughter, Sara Dutarte joined as Vice-President candidate with son of the former dictator Ferdinand Marcos in 2022 to win election on a Unity Platform. She is also now PH Secretary of Education as well as VP.
Pres. Duterete’s strategic pivot of Philippines toward stronger relations with China was arrested by election of Marcos Jr. The result is a stronger USA presence in our former colony and a blusterier China threatening most of its neighbors–and particularly Philippines.
[2] Marcos Eyes Stronger ties with US, The Manila Times, September 21, 2022
This writer has written about how this relationship change impacts Alaska. The international drama continues to this day and at some point Alaska, or USA, will have to decide whether China is a good place to sell our natural resources.
[3] Is China Bluffing? DONN LISTON 11/24/2023
Stated Goals of U.S. Assistance to Philippines
According to the US Department of State:
The U.S. government’s goals in the Philippines are to strengthen democratic governance and support Philippine government efforts to promote inclusive development and contribute to security and development cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. U.S. assistance to the Philippines helps expand inclusive, market-driven growth; foster strong democratic systems and good economic, health, and education governance; promote responsible natural resource management; and enhance resilience for communities and the environment.
Key imports from the Philippines are semiconductor devices and computer peripherals, automobile parts, electric machinery, textiles and garments, wheat and animal feeds, coconut oil, and information technology/business process outsourcing services. Key U.S. exports to the Philippines are agriculture goods, machinery, cereals, raw and semi-processed materials for the manufacture of semiconductors, electronics, and transport equipment. The two countries have a bilateral Trade and Investment Framework Agreement, signed in 1989, and a tax treaty.
[4] US Relations with the Philippines, US Department of STATE, February 23, 2023
All of this is occurring with a China Communist Party (CCP) convinced it can overwhelm the region economically and stand up to longstanding western dominance with its manufacturing force. As I have written about before, this rivalry has major implications for Alaska.
In 2011 Alaska exports to China totaled nearly $1.5 Billion, and China became our leading export destination, surpassing Japan who had been our number one export destination since statehood in 1959. Annual exports to China were $1 Billion in 2017, according to Alaska Business Magazine. From the late 1970s to about 2015 China averaged 10% GDP growth annually but now is in decline.
[5] Alaska and China; Ties between the Middle Kingdom and Great Land, Alaska Business Magazine, Greg Wolf, February 2019
The China Bully in Asia
Mexico and Canada have moved to the top exporters of goods to USA in the first half of this year, as economic decoupling between the two superpowers reduces China’s exports to USA by 25% for the first time in 15 years. China exports to Philippines have shown a steady increase over the last decade, reaching $64.68 Billion in 2022, while China Imports from Philippines continue to decline.
This may be retaliation for Philippines’ continued insistence that certain islands in the South China Sea do, in fact belong to them legally, as was determined in a 2016 arbitration which China now dismisses.
[6] Alaska Joins Philippines-China Love/Hate Relationship DONN LISTON August 24, 2023
On 12 July 2016, the Arbitral Tribunal constituted under the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), issued a final Award on the case initiated by the Philippines against China concerning the maritime disputes in the West Philippine Sea / South China Sea.
Key findings of the Award:
On China’s Historic Rights within the Nine-Dash Line
The Arbitral Tribunal ruled that China’s historic claims, sovereignty, sovereign rights, and jurisdiction in waters situated within its “nine-dash line” are contrary to the UNCLOS. These claims exceed the geographic and substantive limits of China’s maritime entitlements provided for by the Convention.
On Traditional Fishing at Scarborough (Panatag) Shoal
The Arbitral Tribunal found that Scarborough (Panatag) Shoal is a traditional fishing ground for many nationalities, including those in the Philippines, China (including Taiwan), and Vietnam. The Tribunal also declared that China’s operation of official vessels at Scarborough Shoal from May 2012 onwards unlawfully prevented Filipino fisherfolk from exercising their traditional fishing rights at the Shoal.
On the Protection of the Marine Environment
China’s construction of artificial islands, installations, and structures, and land reclamation activities at seven (7) features of the Spratly Islands caused severe and irreplaceable harm to the coral reef environment. Such activities also damaged the marine environment in the South China Sea.
On the Status of Features
The Arbitral Tribunal ruled that high-tide elevations do not generate an entitlement to a 200-nautical mile (NM) exclusive economic zone and continental shelf. These features can only generate a 12 NM territorial sea. The following are features in the South China Sea declared to be high-tide elevations: Scarborough (Panatag) Shoal, McKennan (Chigua) Reef, Cuarteron (Calderon) Reef, Fiery Cross (Kagitingan) Reef, Johnson (Mabini) Reef, and Gaven (Burgos) Reef (North).
Meanwhile, low-tide elevations do not generate an entitlement to a territorial sea, exclusive economic zone, or continental shelf. Per the Arbitration Award, the following are declared to be low-tide elevations: Hughes Reef, Gaven Reef (South), Subi (Zamora) Reef, Mischief (Panganiban) Reef, and Second Thomas (Ayungin) Shoal.
Aside from being declared as low-tide elevations, the Award also affirmed that Mischief (Panganiban) Reef and Second Thomas (Ayungin) Shoal are within the Philippines’ exclusive economic zone and continental shelf. Furthermore, China’s construction of artificial islands at Mischief (Panganiban) Reef without the authorization of the Philippines breached the Convention and the Philippines’ sovereign rights in its exclusive economic zone and continental shelf.
The Award also affirmed that there are no overlapping exclusive economic zone and continental shelf with respect to Mischief (Panganiban) Reef and Second Thomas (Ayungin) Shoal, including Scarborough (Panatag) Shoal, and the Philippine archipelago.
The Tribunal held that none of the high-tide features located in the Spratly Islands are fully-entitled islands, thus, they do not generate entitlements to an exclusive economic zone or continental shelf.
[7] Foreign Service Institute Key Findings
[8] Foreign Service Institute-States Positively Acknowledging
Philippine Buildup to Protect USA Vested Interests in Asia
Specifically, the strategy includes the following identified vital interests: 1. Free and Open, 2. Connected, 3. Prosperous, 4. Secure, 5. Resilient. To see what that means go to the link in References.
[9] USAID Statement of Biden Administration
Direct Support to Philippines
The Mutual Defense Treaty between the Republic of the Philippines and the United States of America, was signed August 30, 1951. EDCA is an agreement between the Philippines and the United States which is envisioned to advance the implementation of the Philippine-U.S. Mutual Defense Treaty (MDT).
[10] USA-Philippines Mutual Defense Treaties
The five initial EDCA sites are the Cesar Basa Air Base in Floridablanca, Pampanga; Fort Magsaysay Military Reservation in Nueva Ecija; Lumbia Airport in Cagayan De Oro; Antonio Bautista Air Base in Puerto Princesa, Palawan; and Benito Ebuen Air Base in Cebu.
Meanwhile, the additional four sites are Naval Base Camilo Osias in Sta. Ana, Cagayan; Lal-lo Airport in Lal-lo Cagayan; Camp Melchor Dela Cruz in Gamu, Isabela; and Balabac Island in Palawan.
[11]EDCA sites vital for humanitarian aid, disaster relief – US admiral, Philippine News Agency, Priam Nepomuceno, September 14, 2023
To better understand the potential utility of U.S.-funded Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) sites at Philippine military bases, AMTI has combined public reporting on official EDCA projects with satellite imagery analysis of all nine sites. The resulting catalogue of completed, in-progress, and planned facility upgrades provides a more robust picture of the capabilities that the EDCA sites would offer U.S. and Philippine forces in a contingency. It also reveals that while progress on EDCA implementation was brought to a standstill during the prior administration of Rodrigo Duterte, the Philippine military undertook significant infrastructure upgrades at the five bases designated as EDCA sites in 2016.
The content below was originally paywalled.
[12] More than Meets the Eye: Philippine Upgrades at EDCA Sites, Asia Maritime Transportation Initiative, October 12, 2023
[12] More than Meets the Eye: Philippine Upgrades at EDCA Sites, Asia Maritime Transportation Initiative, Center for Strategic International Studies, October 12, 2023
There is no question that USA is investing in Military-grade development in Philippines, across from Taiwan, where a festering Taiwan Independence Movement has opposed China reunification OR the current status quo for decades.
Taiwan’s political status is ambiguous. China claims it is a province of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), whereas the Tsai Ing-wen administration of Taiwan maintains that Taiwan is already an independent country as the Republic of China (ROC) and thus does not have to push for any sort of formal independence. As such, the ROC consisting Taiwan and other islands under its control already conducts official diplomatic relations with and is recognized by 12 member states of the United Nations and the Holy See.
[13] Taiwan Official Website explanation
This must be concerning to any American who watched Pres. Lyndon Johnson talk out both sides of his mouth about American involvement in Vietnam, to then see USA’s utter defeat in that war. America has also lost Pres. Johnson’s War on Poverty declared in January of 1964. 20% of Americans were determined by the US Government to be living below poverty level then.
When President Johnson launched the War on Poverty, he wanted to give the poor a “hand up, not a hand out.” He stated that his war would shrink welfare rolls and turn the poor from “taxeaters” into “taxpayers.” Johnson’s aim was to make poor families self-sufficient – able to rise above poverty through their own earnings without dependence on welfare.
The exact opposite happened. For a decade and a half before the War on Poverty began, self-sufficiency in American improved dramatically. But for the last 45 years, there has been no improvement at all. Many groups are less capable of self-support today than when Johnson’s war started.
[14] The War on Poverty: 50 Years of Failure, The Heritage Foundation,Robert Rector, Sep 23, 2014
Today Democrat President Biden is defying the US Supreme Court, paying college tuition costs to create new dependencies, opening the border to invasion of some 10 million illegal aliens, increasing the National deficit and cutting the defense budget, while ramping up foreign military infrastructure.
The Indo-Pacific is becoming volatile and Alaska is the linchpin between Asia and the West.
WASHINGTON, Jan 13 (Reuters) – U.S. President Joe Biden said on Saturday the United States does not support the independence of Taiwan, after Taiwanese voters rebuffed China and gave the ruling party a third presidential term.
Earlier in the day, the Taiwanese ruling Democratic Progressive Party’s (DPP) presidential candidate Lai Ching-te came to power,strongly rejectingChinese pressure to spurn him, and pledged both to stand up to Beijing and seek talks.
“We do not support independence…” Biden said, when asked for reaction to Saturday’s elections.
[15] Biden: US does Not Support Independence for Taiwan
Cold comfort to the world that USA doesn’t jump into another conflict in the face of Biden’s disastrous administration; but mere.y making that declaration could mean this administration is actually doing the exact opposite.
References:
[1] Barack Obama cancels meeting after Philippines president calls him ‘son of a whore'”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 2, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2016….Damien Gayle, The Guardian, September 5, 2016
[2]Marcos Eyes Stronger ties with US, The Manila Times, September 21, 2022
https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/09/21/news/national/marcos-eyes-stronger-ties-with-us/1859253
[3] Is China Bluffing? DONN LISTON 11/24/2023
https://donnliston.co/2023/11/is-china-bluffing/
[4] US Relations with the Philippines, US Department of STATE, February 23, 2023
https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-the-philippines/
[5] Alaska and China; Ties between the Middle Kingdom and Great Land, Alaska Business Magazine, Greg Wolf, February 2019
https://digital.akbizmag.com/issue/february-2019/alaska-and-china/
[6] Alaska Joins Philippines-China Love/Hate Relationship DONN LISTON August 24, 2023https://open.substack.com/pub/donnliston907/p/alaska-joins-philippines-china-lovehate?r=q57oe&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web
[7] Foreign Service Institute Findings
https://sites.google.com/mail.fsi.gov.ph/breakingwaves/scs-arbitration/key-findings
[8] Foreign Service Institute states positively acknowledging
https://sites.google.com/mail.fsi.gov.ph/breakingwaves/scs-arbitration/states-positively-acknowledging
[9] USAID Statement of Biden Administration
https://www.usaid.gov/asia-regional/indo-pacific-strategy-united-states
[10] USA-Philippines Defense Treaties
For Military Bases, March 14, 1947
https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/b-ph-ust000011-0055.pdf
USA-Philippines Mutual Defense Treaty
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1951/08/30/mutual-defense-treaty-between-the-republic-of-the-philippines-and-the-united-states-of-america-august-30-1951/
[11] EDCA sites vital for humanitarian aid, disaster relief – US admiral, Philippine News Agency, Priam Nepomuceno, September 14, 2023
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1209840#:~:text=The%20five%20initial%20EDCA%20sites,Ebuen%20Air%20Base%20in%20Cebu.
[12] More than Meets the Eye: Philippine Upgrades at EDCA Sites, Asia Maritime Transportation Initiative, Center for Strategic International Studies, October 12, 2023
https://amti.csis.org/more-than-meets-the-eye-philippine-upgrades-at-edca-sites/
[13] Taiwan Official Website explanation
“FOREIGN AFFAIRS”.Taiwan (official website). 15 November 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 15 November 2019. Retrieved16 November2019.
[14] The War on Poverty: 50 Years of Failure, The Heritage Foundation, Robert Rector, Sep 23, 2014
https://www.heritage.org/marriage-and-family/commentary/the-war-poverty-50-years-failure?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjw-r-vBhC-ARIsAGgUO2CL9TLPVxFw2AJdvAQTakhrjrOwi_u94EfRkeyOFUbX6rwg9BQBW50aApi0EALw_wcB
[15] Biden: US does Not Support Independence for Taiwan
https://www.reuters.com/world/biden-us-does-not-support-taiwan-independence-2024-01-13/
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